Pengertian dan bentuk-bentuk erosi
Berbicara tentang erosi, maka tidak lepas dari aliran permukaan. Dengan adanya aliran air di atas permukaan tanah, tanah dapat terkikis dan selanjutnya diangkut ke tempat yang lebih rendah. Dengan demikian terjadilah perpindahan lapisan tanah; mineral-mineral dan bahan organik yang terdapat pada permukaan tanah (Sjahrullah, 1987).
Erosi adalah hilangnya atau terkikisnya tanah atau bagian-bagian tanah dari suatu tempat yang diangkut oleh media alami ketempat lain (Arsyad, 1989).
Ada dua macam erosi, yaitu erosi normal dan erosi dipercepat. Erosi normal juga disebut erosi geologi atau erosi alami merupakan proses-proses pengangkutan tanah yang terjadi dibawah keadaan vegetasi alami. Biasanya terjadi dengan laju yang lambat yang memungkinkan terbentuknya tanah yang tebal yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan vegetasi secara normal. Erosi dipercepat adalah pengangkutan tanah yang menimbulkan kerusakan tanah sebagai akibat perbuatan manusia yang mengganggu keseimbangan antara proses pembentukan dan pengangkutan tanah (Arsyad, 1989).
Erosi dipercepat dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah antara lain (Arsyad, 1989; dalam Nasiah 2000) sebagai berikut :
a. Merosotnya peroduktivitas tanah pada lahan yang tererosi, yang disertai dengan merosotnya daya dukung serta kualitas lingkungan hidup.
b. Sungai, waduk, dan saluran irigasi/drainase di daerah hilir menjadi dangkal, sehingga daya guna dan basil guna berkurang.
c. Secara tidak langsung mengakibatkan terjadinya banjir yang kronis pada setiap musim penghijauan dan kekeringan pada musim kemarau.
d. Dapat menghilangkan fungsi hidrologi tanah.
Menurut bentuknya, erosi dibedakan dalam : erosi percik, erosi lembar, erosi alur, erosi parit, erosi tebing sungai, erosi internal dan tanah longsor (Suripin 2001).
1. Erosi Percik (Splash erosion) adalah proses terkelupasnya patikel-partikel tanah bagian atas oleh tenaga kinetik air hujan bebas atau sebagai air lolos. Arah dan jarak terkelupasnya partikel-partikel tanah ditentukan oleh kemiringan lereng, kecepatan dan arah angin, keadaan kekasaran permukaan tanah, dan penutupan tanah.
2. Erosi Lembar (Sheet erosion) adalah erosi yang terjadi ketika lapisan tipis permukaan tanah di daerah berlereng terkikis oleh kombinasi air hujan dan air larian (runoff).
3. Erosi Alur (Rill erosion) adalah pengelupasan yang diikuti dengan pengangkutan partikel-partikel tanah oleh aliran air larian yang terkonsentrasi di dalam saluran-saluran air. Alur-alur yang terjadi masih dangkal dan dapat dihilangkan dengan pengolahan tanah.
4. Erosi Parit (Gully erosion) proses terjadinya sama dengan erosi alur, tetapi saluran yang terbentuk sudah sedemikian dalamnya sehingga tidak dapat dihilangkan dengan pengolahan tanah biasa.
5. Erosi Tebing Sungai (Streambank erosion) adalah pengikisan tanah pada tebing-tebing sungai dan pengerusan dasar sungai oleh aliran air sungai. Erosi tebing akan lebih hebat jika vegetasi penutup tebing telah habis atau jika dilakukan pengolahan tanah terlalu dekat tebing.
6. Erosi Internal (Internal or subsurface erosion) adalah terangkutnya butir-butir primer kebawah ke dalam celah-celah atau pori-pori tanah sehingga tanah menjadi kedap air dan udara. Erosi internal menyebabkan menurunnya kapasitas infiltrasi tanah dengan cepat sehingga aliran permukaan meningkat yang menyebabkan terjadinya erosi lembar atau erosi alur.
7. Tanah Longsor (Landslide) adalah suatu bentuk erosi yang pengangkutan atau pemindahan tanahnya terjadi pada suatu saat dalam volume yang besar.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Arsyad, Sitanala. 1989. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Nasiah. 2000. Evaluasi Kemampuan Lahan dan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Untuk Prioritas Konservasi Lahan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Takapala Kabupaten Dati II Gowa Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Tesis. Program Pasca sarjana, UGM. Yogyakarta.
saya mau tanya knpa erosi banyak terjadi pada lapisan tanah liat? dan sedangkan pasir memiliki daya resap tinggi tapi tidak dapat menampug air. knpa bukan pasir aja yang sering longsor!!! tolong krim jawabannya ke tasman.ikhsan@yahoo.co.id
BalasHapustrima kasih
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@ tasman .... menurut ku niy ya...
BalasHapustanah liat itu kan termasuk tanah lempung... nah tentang erosi lebih pada tanah liat berdasarkan permeabilitasnya yang kurang diakibatkan pori-pori tanah nya yang kecil... sedangkan kalau pasir itu pori-pori tanah nya besar jadi lebih bagus permeabilitasnya dibandingkan tanah liat.
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